OneThe 5G chip was successfully studied by Vietnamese chip company Viettel Group in 5 years.According to reports, the 5G DFE chip series can perform 10,000 trillion calculations per second. SynopSys South Asia's business director Trinh Thanh Lam said: Viettel's 5G DFE chip can run normally from the beginning.For Vietnamese semiconductors, this is a considerable breakthrough, because this is the first complex chip designed by Vietnamese engineers in Vietnam, which also marks that Vietnam has achieved 5G telecommunications infrastructure (including wireless transceiver, exchange equipment, transmission equipment, transmission equipmentControl from wireless access device to core network).
Apart fromIn addition to 5G chips, Viettel also shows 5G -related devices, such as 5G GNODEB transceiver device (8T8R -High -density residential area in -depth coverage equipment, 32T32R -wide -covered equipment.) Main products are facing 5G network operators, 5G GNODEB receiving stations, Site Router 100G transmission equipment, high -frequency 5G signal processing and receiving modules.These are important components that constitute the entire 5G telecommunications infrastructure, and Viettel has claimed that it has mastered the complete technology.The Vietnamese government has always hoped to make breakthroughs in the electronic manufacturing industry.Viettel's breakthrough marks an important breakthrough in Vietnam in the field of chip design, and also gives Vietnamese industry a strong heart.However, in order to develop semiconductors, Vietnam has to face some tests.
Vietnam Semiconductor: Only two local design companies
International semiconductor giants have lasted for several years in Southeast Asia.In 2006, Intel invested $ 1 billion in a semiconductor packaging factory in Ho Chi Minh City, and then added investment in 2019 and 2020, which reached a total of 1.5 billion US dollars.In 2020, Vietnam established a special working group to provide more flexible customized incentives to attract high -tech investment.Many Vietnamese Prime Minister frequently meet with executives of global technology giants to encourage semiconductor investment.
Huanxu Electronic Investment, a subsidiary of Sun Moonlight SemiconductorThe 200 million US dollars set up factories in Haipang City, and counted as factories or R & D centers set up by companies set up by companies such as Ansonami, Ruisa, Qualcomm, Ti, NXP, in Vietnam, Vietnam has initially formed a semiconductor industry cluster.However, the scale of Vietnamese semiconductors is still relatively small compared to Taiwan, Japan, South Korea, and mainland China.According to the Vietnamese government information, Vietnam's semiconductor chips are currently relying on overseas suppliers.There are only VIETEL and FPT companies in China to enter the chip design stage, while foreign -funded enterprises are mainly engaged in chip design, processing, assembly and testing stage.
Northern Vietnam focuses on the field of electronics manufacturing.Computer, electronics and optical products dominate the northern key economic zone, followed by machinery and equipment and metal products.Samsung is the main investor in northern Vietnam, but Samsung's factories in northern Vietnam are mainly mobile phones, not semiconductor products.
In fact,There were only two semiconductor factories in northern Vietnam in 2023.In September 2023, the Korean semiconductor industry chip packaging and memory product manufacturer Hana Micron opened the first factory in the north in Wanzhong Industrial Park, Beijiang Province.In October 2023, AMKOR TECHNOLOGY began operations at $ 1.6 billion in Beijiang Province, which was the second semiconductor factory in northern Vietnam.
Ho Chi Minh City in southern Vietnam and the five provinces near Vietnam are relatively mature and developed areas of Vietnam, and it is also the area where Vietnam has attracted the most direct investment in foreign companies.Intel has built chip assembly, packaging and testing factories in Ho Chi Minh City.In 2021, Samsung Electronics, the world's largest storage semiconductor manufacturer, set up a packaging factory in Vietnam to carry out advanced pour-chip ball grid packaging (Flip-Chip Ball Grid Array).In July this year, Samsung Electronics began to produce semiconductor parts in Vietnam, and intends to make mass production in the Vietnamese factory in the Samsung Electric Factory in northern Taiyuan Province.Earlier this year, Samsung Electronics stated that she invested 920 million US dollars to the electronic component factory in Taiyuan, Vietnam.Previously, other multinational companies had only some semiconductor packaging and testing business in Vietnam. Industry people believed that Samsung's move was obviously of great significance to the Vietnamese semiconductor industry.
Vietnam's current semiconductor industry currently mainly involves low -profit packaging and testing in the semiconductor industry.This may limit its climbing value chain and cannot cultivate the special labor force of the semiconductor industry for Vietnam, nor can it help Vietnam's ability to develop manufacturing infrastructure semiconductor design and manufacturing fields.
After leaving the investment of foreign companies, Vietnam could hardly produce any semiconductor independently.
What factor limits Vietnamese semiconductor?
Vietnam's infrastructure may become a challenge for the development of the semiconductor industry.Vietnam is located in the tropical monsoon climate area. The high temperature but dry and rainy season throughout the year, especially in northern Vietnam and dry rain and rainy season than southern Vietnam. After economic development, the demand for industrial and people's livelihood water may continue to increase.On the impact of global climate change, water conservancy facilities such as reservoirs and water storage need to be continuously expanded to stabilize water supply. In addition, the Vietnam's dry and wet season is obvious, the rainfall is concentrated, and the problem of flooding must be considered in advance.
In terms of energy issues, the main source of electricity in Vietnam relies on coal -fired and hydropower. Although it is setThe net zero target in 2050, but with the entry of the semiconductor industry such as high power consumption, and the increase in economic development driven people's livelihood, the issue of power supply has become an topic of burning. In particular, the dry and wet seasons in northern Vietnam are obvious.For example, in the first half of 2023, the amount of hydropower in the first half of the 2023 is not as good as expected. The Vietnamese government and EVN are required to urgently improve the efficiency of electricity infrastructure, especially for the slow construction of power plants and 500KV power grids.In 2023, the hot weather caused Vietnam to implement power limit, and the industrial park where Foxconn and Samsung were located were forced to stop working.
The economic problem in Vietnam is also a problem that plagues industrial development.American chip design company Xinshi Technology (Vice President of SynopSys believes that the cost of building a chip factory in Vietnam is facing excessive costs.The cost of building a chip factory in Vietnam may be as high as 50 billion US dollars, which is a great financial pressure for the Vietnamese government.The subsequent subsidy policies will also compete with China, the United States, South Korea, and the European Union, and fiscal pressure is quite large.
Due to the limited budget of the Vietnamese government, and the recent need for large -scale investment in infrastructure such as hydropower, transportation, and other infrastructure budgets, compared with the Indian government, it can provide hugePLI subsidies and other reward investment policies. The Vietnamese government reward investment policy types are mostly reducing and exemption in high -tech industries such as semiconductors, such as CIT tax ratios and factory rents and exemption.
HoweverDifficult problem.Multiple foreign media have pointed out that Vietnam's industry upgrade has been troubled by bureaucracy.The US diplomat website has recently reported that American chip manufacturer Intel has put on hold on the expansion plan for the Vietnamese project. It is reported that the plan could have doubled its production scale in Vietnam.As for the reason for shelving, the source said it was Intel's concerns about stable power supply and serious bureaucracy.
For Vietnam, labor is both advantage and restriction.In terms of talent supply, Vietnam's labor population and labor participation rate is good, and talent supplyThe quantity is better, but the employment orientation of the bachelor's bachelor's graduates is obvious, and the supply of talents and other talents must continue to work hard.According to ASEAN statistics, nearly 70%of Vietnam's population is at the stage of labor age and is in an internationally recognized period of golden population.Such population technology, conditional development of economic departments in many industries and many fields, and promoting the continuous development of industry and service industries.However, Vietnam ’s labor force is only 67%, and the holding of diplomas and certificates is only 27%. It can only engage in simple processing industries.
Since the beginning of this year, the US Semiconductor Industry Association and many American companies have come to Vietnam to understand the investment environment as a chip production place.Economic experts said that under the cooperation of American technology companies,Vietnam will be able to develop and produce semiconductors in 2024.AMKOR Technology also plans to invest $ 1.6 billion in initial investment for its Vietnamese factory. The factory will currently create about 2,000 jobs and will create about 10,000 jobs by 2035.However, the labor market in the field of Vietnamese semiconductors and micro -chip has just been formed, and the supply and demand of Vietnam's labor force cannot be balanced.
The efforts of the Vietnamese government
At the sixth session of the 15th Congress of Vietnamese Government Fan Mingzheng, Prime Minister Fan Mingzheng emphasized that Vietnam attaches great importance to the development of industries and fields with advantages and key areas, especially with advantages and high value;Chip manufacturing industry.Minister Ruan Zhiyong emphasized,The Vietnamese government continues to create the most attractive business environment for investors, enterprises, research institutions and training facilities in the semiconductor industry.Therefore, the Vietnamese legal framework gives the maximum discount on investment projects in the semiconductor industry in the high -tech semiconductor industry.
In terms of talents, in recent years, Vietnam has introduced some scientific development sciences to encourage higher education institutions-Engineering-Energy-Mathematical Training (STEM) policy.During the period from 2019 to 2022, the number of freshmen in this field increased by an average of 10%per year, of which the three strongest growth are computer, information technology and engineering technology.
According to statistics from the Ministry of Education and Training of Vietnam, the recruitment of freshmen in the field of electronics and microelectronics every yearThere are about 5,000 graduates (an average annual increase of 7%).The number of enrollment in the fields of electrical, electromechanical, automatic, and computer engineering is about 15,000 each year, and about 13,000 graduates (an average annual increase of 10%).It is expected that labor personnel engaged in semiconductors and micro -chips will increase by 3,000 each year.Linda Tan, chairman of the Southeast Asian Semiconductor Industry Association, said that the model of the Vietnamese semiconductor circuit design training and incubation center and the model of the training and research projects of the semiconductor industry training and research projects at Vietnam University were highly appreciated.
From the perspective of the entire industrial ecology, a national innovation center (NIC) and three high -tech parks have complete infrastructure. Investors in the semiconductor industry are welcome, and there are many preferential mechanisms.NIC and these high -tech parks are expected to become an important bridge to support the development of Vietnam semiconductor ecosystems.
Conclusion
Du Wenshi, deputy director of the Vietnam Foreign Investment Bureau, said that at present, the investment funds of North American investors are turning to Vietnam.Apple's three major partners in Vietnam Foxconn, Lixun Precision, and Goer have recently increased capital and expansion in Vietnam.It is true that Vietnam has become a major production base for global consumer electronics products. If it is necessary to go further in the industrial value chain, the development of the semiconductor industry is a very good way.
However, development semiconductor is a long cycle, high investment, and needs to be carried out in the core industry links in economic development.In other words, it takes a certain amount of time to accumulate from simple electronic processing to semi -conductor, and for the current Vietnam, its own development may not support such goals.In the first half of 2023, Vietnam's economic growth rate was only 3.7%, which was far lower than the goals of at least 6.2%of the previous half of the first half of the year.The data in the third quarter was not ideal. On September 29, the actual domestic product growth rate in July to September of 2023 released by Vietnam was 5.33%year-on-year.
Vietnam's manufacturing industry is still in the relatively low -end part of the global supply chain link, and cannot provide a complete supply chain supporting system.It is still a huge unknown how far can Vietnam's change in this industrial chain.
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